ABSTRACT
The ocean is biogeochemically downstream from terrestrial environments; as such, most human activities eventually impact the world ocean. Threats to biodiversity can be broadly categorized as a result of overharvesting, pollution, habitat loss, introduced species, ocean acidification and global climate change. Threats can cumulatively interact with negative consequences. Until recently, different human impacts on the world ocean were managed in isolation, resulting in seemingly rational management actions that sometimes have unintended consequences.
