ABSTRACT
This chapter contains Frederick Herzberg's motivator–hygiene theory; the principles on which it is based; underlying assumptions; guidance on application, and relevant issues; and related models. Hygiene factors should be improved in order to reduce dissatisfaction as a first step in improving work. There are two principal classes of needs that affect satisfaction and motivation satisfiers/motivators and hygiene factors. From the theory, Frederick Herzberg developed the notion of job-enrichment - that is, increasing people's satisfaction and motivation by increasing the 'motivators' or 'content factors'. The model may be used to assess current work designs to determine dissatisfying elements and to decide where dissatisfiers can be removed. Consideration may then be given to how work and work methods might be redesigned to increase motivation and benefit the organization. The model may be used when considering individual differences in motivation and job design, and in matching individuals to jobs.
