ABSTRACT
OVERVIEW ird-party reproduction includes gamete (sperm and/or oocyte) or embryo donation, surrogacy, and adoption.
Surrogacy has been practiced as a means of helping women who are unable to bear children for centuries. e earliest mention is in the Old Testament of the Bible (1). Before the advent of modern assisted conception techniques, “natural surrogacy” was the only means of helping certain barren women to have babies. Before the introduction of articial insemination, babies were conceived the “natural way,” as practiced by Abraham (1). Later, with the introduction of articial insemination techniques, it became more socially acceptable to use these than “natural means.” Later still, when assisted conception techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) were introduced, embryos created entirely from the gametes of the “genetic” or “commissioning couple” could be transferred to the “surrogate host,” who therefore provided no genetic contribution to any child that resulted from the arrangement. She bore the child and handed it over to the full “genetic parents.” “Gestational surrogacy,” otherwise known as “IVF surrogacy” or “full surrogacy,” is now generally accepted in many countries as a treatment option for infertile women with certain clearly dened medical problems. e rst report of a baby being born by gestational surrogacy was from the U.S.A. in 1985 (2).
