ABSTRACT
Increasing waste generation in different societies is a challenge for both public health and the environment. The common practice for waste treatment is to dump the waste in landfill areas, which results in various environmental problems and high operation and maintenance costs as well as public protests in having the landfill in their vicinity (Tchobanoglous et al. 1993; Calvo et al. 2007). There have been numerous attempts to reduce the number of landfills in the world by introducing various waste treatment methods in different societies based on the infrastructure, culture, and the demands of the societies. For example, in Sweden, the strategy has been to develop
1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................1 1.2 Integrated Solid Waste Management ................................................................2 1.3 Waste Management Hierarchy as a Strategy ....................................................3 1.4 Waste Refinery versus Biorefinery and Oil Refinery .......................................5
