ABSTRACT
Cartels or associations were frequently described as being the much "stronger" forms of quasi-monopoly, as they were meant to embrace the whole of a branch of industry and, if properly organized and unmolested by the law, did not leave room for outside competition, which the trust would in most cases have to fear. The history of modern industrial combination is just as full of cases of "weak" cartels and monopolist organizations seeking amalgamation as a necessary safeguard for their existence. There are industries in which cartels or syndicates appear to be the absolute necessity for the final solution of quasi-monopoly. There are others in which the weakness of cartels becomes patent, and trustification emerges as the real stronghold of successful and permanent combination. The question cartels versus trusts or trusts versus cartels is by no means decided by accidental considerations.
