ABSTRACT
This chapter intends as a review of fundamental principles of organic chemistry. Since the molecules associated with biochemistry processes are organic molecules, the bonding will be similar to those organic molecules commonly discussed in a sophomore organic chemistry course. The rules of nomenclature will be extended to accommodate each new functional group will be briefly reviewed. The nomenclature system used today is based on the number of carbon atoms in straight-chain alkanes, and it distinguishes each type of molecule or special collection of atoms known as a functional group. The nomenclature issue for cyclic alkanes requires that the suffix must be -ane because they are alkanes. The nomenclature for alkenes uses the prefix system noted for alkanes to indicate the number of carbon atoms. The nomenclature for a diol identifies the longest chain that bears both hydroxyl units and gives all carbon atoms that bear an OH units the lowest possible number.
