ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on carbohydrate derivatives, especially those that are functionalized at the anomeric carbon. A glycoside is a molecule in which a carbohydrate is bonded to another functional group by a glycosidic bond. A glycosidic bond usually refers to the bond of a functional group with the anomeric OH unit, but the IUPAC nomenclature for such compounds is C-glycosyl compounds. A carbohydrate that contains one carbohydrate unit and is categorized as a monosaccharide. Aldotetroses, aldopentoses and aldohexoses are monosaccharides, as are ketotetroses, ketopentoses and ketohexoses. The basic unit of a glycose is shown, and there are several different monosaccharide glycoses. A disaccharide is a molecule that contains two sugar units, formed when two monosaccharides are coupled together. To prepare a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are coupled together by reaction of a hydroxyl unit of one saccharide with a carbonyl of the second saccharide to yield an acetal linkage or a ketal linkage.
