ABSTRACT
In history, and through various mechanisms, the Turkish nation-state has attempted to impose a singular identity, homogenizing citizenship and denying belonging to the country's minority communities. In 1946 Turkey became a multi-party democracy, ending the single-party rule of the Republican era. The Turkish military, with its strong Kemalist conscience at the time, followed the developments of the 1990s with increasing tension. Turkish citizenship and its effects on minoritarian subjects, particularly with regards to language, race, gender, and sexuality. The socio-political and historical extents of these works should be taken as an urgent call for the nation-state to revise its policymaking and to incorporate ethno-racial, religious, gender, and sexuality based rights within the ongoing debates about secularism. The History Congress' findings did "bleach" the "complexion" of the nation, constituting it as a homogenous race even at the expense of the country's diverse ethno-cultural history.
