ABSTRACT
The bat algorithm (BA) is a recent population-based meta-heuristic approach proposed by Xin-She Yang [1]. The algorithm manifests the so-called echolocation of the bats. The bats make use of SONAR echoes to detect and avoid obstacles that might be present in their path. Thus, it can be established that bats navigate by using the time delay from emission to reection. The pulse rate is measured to be between 10 and 20 times per second, and it only remains existent for about 8-10 ms. Once the bats get hit, they transform their own pulse into useful information to bring about an exploration. The purpose of this exploration mechanism is to nd out how far away the prey is? The bats usually make use of wavelengths λ that are varying in the range of 0.7-17 mm. The pulse rate can be bounded in the range from 0 to 1, where 0 means that there is no emission and 1 means that the bat’s emission is at the maximum.
