ABSTRACT
Chapter 8 focuses in particular on the two crucial innovations of Alexander in perfecting combined arms rather than on his generalship as a whole. His integration of multiple types of foreign units into the Macedonian military and using the elite heavy infantry hypaspists as a flank guard and hamippoi are the crucial steps towards the integrated warfare of the Successors. Issus and Gaugamela are the main battles discussed since they show the level of tactical ability in Alexander’s combined arms army, but the other battle of his campaign, particularly in Illyria, the Granicus, and the Hydaspes, also feature prominently. Overall, it argues that without Alexander’s integration of foreign units the Macedonian army would not have been as successful.
