ABSTRACT
The focus of most of the pioneer coalitions was largely inside-out, harnessing corporate resources and political connections to tackle broader societal challenges mainly through corporate community involvement and funding policy analysis and research. Increasing interest in corporate responsibility was part of a perceived "globalization package" for some business leaders. The continued global expansion and diversification of business-led coalitions reflects the increasing concerns about sustainable development and systemic challenges such as climate change and the energy-food-water nexus, alongside the belief that business needs to take a more proactive lead in being part of the solution. Behind the specific drivers were some underlying global forces for change, which might be summarized as revolutions of markets, technology, demographics and development, and values. Resource mobilization models argue that social movements need organizations because organizations bring five types of resources: material; moral; social-organizational; human; and cultural.
