ABSTRACT
Shell's experiences in Nigeria show that it is not always exclusively environmental issues that catalyse a crisis, nor is it only when the company is directly involved in an incident. According to Shell in Nigeria, 95" of its revenue after costs goes to the Nigerian government from each barrel of oil that Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd (SPDC) produces. After 1995, under the leadership of Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Shell began implementing extensive policy reforms, including increased stakeholder engagement, community support, environmental management systems implementation and reporting on social and environmental issues, both in Nigeria and internationally. KPMG's sustainability practice in the Netherlands had worked closely with Shell to pioneer its triple-bottom-line reporting approach, and the KPMG Norway practice was working with Shell in Nigeria on sustainability reporting and environmental management. Sustainable business has the potential to advance transparency and create a platform to discuss the ethics of business and government.
