ABSTRACT
Environmental management systems (EMS) are considered as one important means to integrate aspects of environmental management into corporate decision-making. Environmental management is considered to be one cornerstone of sustainability and sustainable development. EMS implementation is potentially an important means to achieve corporate sustainability. Personnel management has evolved through a number of stages. While the 1960s and 1970s saw the mature phase of personnel management, the 1980s and the post-entrepreneurial, post-modernist world of the 1990s have seen the emergence and development of the human resource management paradigm. The mature phase of personnel management can be characterised by systematic training and manpower planning programmes, more sophisticated selection patterns, salary administration and appraisal techniques, organisation development programme, job enrichment and an increased amount of employment legislation. Personnel management became more business- and management-orientated, a process reinforced by the declining power of trade unions.
