ABSTRACT
The inclusion of environmental considerations in design (i.e. design for environment [DfE]) is an important part of green manufacturing and operations (Graedel and Allenby 1995). Energy efficiency and selection are important DfE factors (Bejan et al. 1996; Goldemberg et al. 1988; Liu 1993; O'Callaghan 1993; OECD 1998, 1999a; Winteringham 1992). DfE activities related to energy use often are aimed at (I) using benign energy sources that do not impact negatively on the environment and that are sustainable and/or (2) using energy efficiently. Consequently, two main categories of energy-related design measures exist-design for energy efficiency and design for energy selection-and are discussed in this chapter.
