ABSTRACT
This chapter examines a variety of conceptual frameworks and institutional models for the engagement of civil society in environmental governance in Asia. It also examines the political and environmental landscape in the wake of the crisis. The chapter explores the character of civil society in Asia and argues that civil society is itself a contested concept. It focuses on the functional roles for civil society groups and develops alternative models of environmental governance. The chapter provides a variety of conceptual frameworks and institutional models for the engagement of civil society in environmental governance in Asia. The crisis has given new strength and impetus to civil society in many countries in South-East Asia. The influence of civil society actors, such as non-governmental organisations, has grown dramatically, even in the most important political and policy decisions. The interaction of open markets and civil society will, in turn, put strong demands on Asian governments to improve internal governance.
