ABSTRACT
To people or organizations operating in the compliant mode the norms are most fundamental. To people or organizations in the actualizing mode their values are most fundamental. From all societies there is evidence that young and old persons even when they share the same habitat in time and space tend to exhibit somewhat different values. The main contribution of the Values and Life Styles Program team is the thesis that there are two parallel paths to ego development, one Outer Directed and one Inner Directed. Value research is conducted in the liberal arts as history of mentalities; there is a whole school in France devoted to "etudier les mentalites". Major contributions come from political science, sociology, social psychology. The cardinal values are embedded in the major institutional realms, that is, the economy, polity, science, religion, ethics, and the arts. Demographics and valuegraphics each contribute a unique piece of information, small or large, to the concrete issue at hand.
