ABSTRACT
In human relations there are opposing tendencies of conflict and affiliation. Occasionally there are national formations out of mixing of populations that results from civil wars or conquests. In one important context, “nationality” has become a designatory term, equivalent to citizenship. A person returning to the United States from Europe will show a passport as evidence of American nationality. Gypsies are a good example of the separation of a cultural group from a given land, yet maintaining their cultural identity. The case for disappearance or at least diminution of nationality rests chiefly on the likelihood of free entry from one country to another—on the proposed European model. The history of the labor movement in the western world, since the mid-nineteenth century, provides ample illustration of communal bifurcation. Socialist movements and communist revolutions—as well as anarchism in one or two European countries—have pinpointed economic exploitation as the motor power of historical change.
