ABSTRACT
Integral federalism was renamed personalism by the very anti-fascist federalists in the 1930s and its leaders became active in the French Resistance during World War II. The Personalist writings have emphasized the connection between Personalism and the Judeo-Christian vision. Alexis de Tocqueville's writing on federalism, particularly Democracy in America, is the principal vehicle through which to reach into his larger system of thought, that is, not without significance. Tocqueville sees that, unlike the hierarchical and organic models, the covenantal model rests on the principle of equality properly understood. Personalism is deliberately antimaterialist and sees itself as rooted in the European religious tradition, a Catholic Christian formulation, which in turn is rooted in biblical monotheism. The great French federalist of the nineteenth century was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who sought to wed his particular vision of socialism to an equally particularistic vision of political federation.
