ABSTRACT
The central interest of this essay is in the use of sanctions against social scientists in colleges and universities in the United States whose scientific and pedagogical work runs counter to the evaluations dominant in their insti tution or in the wider community. Restrictions on the public utterance and activity of the social scientists, however widespread and important these re strictions are, are not of direct concern, and come in for consideration only as they have a bearing on teaching and research activities. Nor are we to deal with the numerous disputes in academic life arising out of questions of ten ure, advancement, rivalry among the faculty, and administrative conflicts, except as they are directly relevant to the freedom of research and teaching. Heavy teaching burdens, inadequacies of staff and equipment, and financial hindrances, though they are certainly very significant as obstacles to research in the social sciences, will not be brought into this discussion unless they appear as consciously used implements of a policy oriented toward the pre vention of the investigation and the pedagogical exposition of certain subject matters and problems.
