ABSTRACT
In Jerusalem, on the western slopes of the Valley of Gehennom, stands St. Andrew's Church and Hospice, built by the Church of Scotland in 1927 following the British capture of Jerusalem from the Ottoman Turks in World War I. In Scotland, on the northern edge of Europe, covenant took a strongly nationalistic turn in addition to that of resistance to tyranny. In Scotland the federal or covenant theology received its fullest and most permanent doctrinal recognition in the Westminster Confession of the Presbyterian faith. Covenant theology initially became known in the British Isles largely through the writings and sermons of continental theologians. The Reformation came to Scotland in what is known as the Revolution of 1559–60. It must be recalled that the Reformation in Scotland was not an act of state but came in defiance of a highly Catholic monarchy, represented at the time by the highly assertive, romantic, and ultimately tragic figure of Mary, Queen of Scots.
