ABSTRACT
Oswald Spengler's work, unlike Weber's, was not just a scientific endeavor of scholarship, that is, a sociological approach to history. He considered himself to be a philosopher of history in something like the Hegelian-Marxist sense. In politics Spengler advocated what he called Prussian socialism, which bore considerable resemblance to the Bolshevism that Lenin was instituting under the label of socialism in the Soviet Union. Heidegger and Wittgenstein were the founders of two antithetical schools of philosophy. The former came to dominate Continental Europe and is called "Continental philosophy", while the latter is prevalent in the English-speaking world and is known as "analytic philosophy". Hannah Arendt also follows Heidegger in seeing the whole of history in terms of a decline and fall from an original condition located in Periclean Athens. Arendt views can, therefore, be treated together with those of the other Untergangsters as the one kind of response to the tragedy of European civilization.
