ABSTRACT
Society and medicine have changed dramatically in the last few decades and some of these changes are, indeed, painful to those who started their professional life in an earlier, perhaps less turbulent atmosphere. The biological and chemical revolution of the latter part of the nineteenth century, the advances in scientific medicine dramatically changed the nature of medical practice. The increased effectiveness of medicine as an applied science led to a radical transformation of American medicine. In the nineteenth century, medicine was more of a trade than a profession. Physicians advertised their services in newspapers, in bills they passed on, in large sized promotional cards that bore their photographic likeness on one side and a "commercial" message on the other. The biological and chemical revolution of the latter part of the nineteenth century, and the advances in scientific medicine dramatically changed the nature of medical practice.
