ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses how and where the primitive feudal State gave rise to the city State as an offshoot, to follow the upward growth of the main branch. The more the state expands, the more must official power be delegated by the central government to its representatives on the borders and marches, who are constantly threatened by wars and insurrectionary outbreaks. In order to preserve his bailiwick in safety for the state, such an official must be endowed with supreme military powers, joined with the functions of the highest administrative officials. One of the characteristics of the developed feudal state is the manifold gradation of ranks built up into the one pyramid of mutual dependence. Another distinctive mark is the amalgamation of the ethnic groups, originally separated. The juristic and social amalgamation of the degraded freemen and the uplifted plebs henceforth inevitably tends toward ethnic interpenetration.
