ABSTRACT
Psychoanalytic therapies have evolved slowly from the classical Freudian model for analyst and patient. The theoretical changes introduced by the culturalist school of psychoanalysis and the works of Hartmann, Kris, and Lowenstein, with their emphasis on ego processes, became a point of depar ture for a new look at therapeutic techniques. The one-to-one therapeutic relationship has expanded to include the therapeutic group, the family group, and groups of families. The couch has been replaced in some in stances by the face-to-face transaction, and on occasion the session moves from the analyst’s office to the home of the patient. The shared case and stereoscopic therapy have expanded to multiple therapists working with one patient and to multiple impact therapy.
