ABSTRACT
The demand that human behavior be reasonable goes down to the very foundations of Western culture. Fairness has become a weapon which contending passions may use as they seek "to exhibit themselves as reasonable persuasions". The central contention of the organic theory is that human peace and understanding, human reasonableness and government, cannot be made out of bargains. They can be made only by agreements. And the organic theory says that to try to make a human society out of business wisdom is to weave ropes out of sand. It has no reasonableness in it, no disinterestedness, no friendship. But the disintegration of "the appeal to reason" has gone beyond the unconscious duplicities of the business mind. It is now formulated as an explicit philosophical doctrine. The doctrine which thus discredits the appeal to reason is usually stated in terms of a contrast between the "method of knowledge" and "the method of intelligence".
