ABSTRACT

This chapter attempts to present a constructive model that integrates labeling-reaction theory with structural-action or role-opportunity perspectives. The model of “contingent beings” assumes that there are two basic levels of existential or experiential beings—a primary and secondary level—and the secondary state of “being” is contingent on the primary one. The concept of “contingent being” can be operationally subdivided into several primary-secondary dimensions, which are expanded derivations of existing theories. These derivations include two major dimensions, one pertaining to actions and the other to reactions: primary and secondary roles, primary and secondary labels. To demonstrate how the model of contingent being may explain complex and functional patterns of deviations, the chapter utilizes the example of prison social types. It assess the degree of social-self-typing congruity at any point in time by observing involvements and others—the two subdimensions presumably affecting and reflecting states of being.