ABSTRACT
In modern ethics justice is usually discussed as a moral principle of right and wrong, or of social organization. For Aristotle it is chiefly a moral virtue. In both distributive justice and corrective justice, Aristotle's approach succeeds in doing what the modern separation of ethics and politics so often ignores: finding the moral issues at the root of social institutions. Accordingly, the theory of internal conflict, which turns out to be very complicated, has to be read in light of the full theory of virtue and takes for granted its full background, that is, Aristotle's account of the initiation of movement and of choice, moral development, and practical wisdom. Aristotle narrows his field of inquiry somewhat schematically. There are three characters to be avoided: vice, incontinence, and brutishness. Friendship as a phenomenon excludes love of inanimate things, in which there can be no return of affection. Three kinds of friendship: friendships of utility, of pleasure, and of the good.
