ABSTRACT
The historical phenomenon of twentieth-century Europe appears, if one overlooks its rhetorical uses in propaganda battles, to have faded—except in the place of its origin, Italy. Italian Fascism was Left, German National Socialism was Right. One notes that Aldo Garosci, the respected anti-Fascist and historian, recently ascribed the high participation of the voters in national elections to the lasting influence of the earlier ''activization''. The differences between Nazism and Fascism, according to Valiani, are not greater or different in substance than the differences between Germany and Italy. Giorgio Amendola, the son of a liberal potitician who was murdered by the Fascists, insisted in an article in Unita that Fascism was not simply a matter for outrage and indignation, that it had to be comprehended, indeed, ''integrated'' into the course of Italian history. The mantle of anti-Fascism thus offers a protective coat for all the elements on the so-called Left who are operating extra-legally.
