ABSTRACT
One of the first effects of an underdeveloped country coming into contact with an industrialized one was the emergence in the former of a grouping of people the author calls modernizers. If those who hold such beliefs, that is, the modernizers, take steps to put them into practice, they become revolutionaries, revolutionary modernizers. With modernity as the objective, modernizers seek to achieve industrialization and independence. As modernizing regimes discover when they undertake to realize the goals, the far-reaching pursuit of the goal of industrialization is incompatible with the far-reaching pursuit of the goal of equality. Regimes of modernizers in many countries have not seriously undertaken the realization of the goals of industrialization and equality for workers and peasants. Only China seemed for some time to be a major exception to the generalization. Mao Zedong, unlike most modernizers, tried to steer a middle course between the horns of the dilemma.
