ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the difference between customary and reflective morality and the part played by this distinction in 08 and 32. A major concern is the thesis presupposed in 08 but dropped as erroneous by 32 that the evolution of morality in the progress of civilization is from a customary, unreflective group morality to an individual reflective morality. It is only the historical-evolutionary thesis that is abandoned, not the distinction between the customary and the reflective. The general contrast of customary and reflective morality is basic to both Ethics. In 08 the contrast involves the convergence of three different contexts: the genetic context of the historical evolution of mankind, the comparative context of sociological differences in the state of society, the developmental context of individual growth. A reflective morality marks a progressive society, whereas customary morality marks a stationary one.
