ABSTRACT
Some of the most fascinating–and challenging–debates in the entire field of religion and science arise in biology. Since biology and creation are incompatible–that's the premise we share in common with Richard Dawkins–it follows that biology as a whole must be wrong. Compatibilist positions such as 'theistic evolution' endorse scientific biology and welcome the increasing knowledge of the biosphere that it provides. Systems biology studies the system of all proteins or all metabolites within a single cell. Biological systems are always embedded within larger systems, similar to the wooden Russian dolls that children open up only to find another smaller doll inside. According to the emerging systems perspective, the program of biology is to reconstruct the ever-growing complexity of organisms, structures, and behaviors as one moves up the ladder of complexity from the simplest organisms to the most complex ones. After all, the categories of biology depend on similarities and differences among organisms.
