ABSTRACT
216The category of corrosive substances is broad in nature. It includes acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, oxalic, and phenol; and alkali, including potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, and potassium permanganate per se, and a larger variety of miscellaneous products found around the home and workplace (e.g., creosote, electric dishwasher detergents, hydrogen fluoride, drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners). Their chemical and physical properties vary widely, although expected outcomes after a toxic exposure are similar. All corrosives produce extensive tissue damage, but the site at which damage occurs and the specific form of damage depends on the type of corrosive involved. Table 10.1 lists common acidic and alkaline corrosive products. Examples of common acids and alkali
Acid
Hydrochloric acid
Metal cleaners
Muriatic acid
Swimming pool cleaners
Toilet bowl cleaners
Sulfuric acid
Battery acid
Toilet bowl and drain cleaners
Alkali
Sodium or potassium hydroxide
Clinitest tablets
Detergents
Drano crystals
Drain pipe and toilet bowl cleaners
Lye
Paint removers
Washing powders
Others
Ammonia (NH4OH) solutions (hair products, jewelry cleaners, household cleaners)
Electric dishwashing granules
Potassium permanganate
Sodium carbonate (nonphosphate) detergents
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
