ABSTRACT
In Europe, meanwhile, new ideas were beginning to proliferate. Let us consider one of these. At the very beginning of the century, between 1901 and 1904, a percipient architect, Tony Garnier, had formulated an entirely new conception for an industrial city. In his famous book, Space> Time and Architecture, Giedion writes of Garnier as follows:
His Cite Industrielle grew out of a broad understanding of social requirements. The balance of its layout is not destroyed by concentration on single issues, on the specialized problems of traffic or the more or less specialized problems of housing which absorbed the advocates of the garden city. Garnier sought for an organic inter relationship between all the functions of his town. . . . There is a clear separation of all the different functions of the town: work, residence, leisure, and transport. Industry is cut off from the town proper by a green belt, as it was later in the Russian schemes for stratified cities. The health centre occupying a protected site on the slope of an outlying hill is oriented toward the south. The middle of Garnier’s elongated town is reserved for a civic centre, a high school district, and very complete and elaborate athletic fields. This sports area adjoins open country, which gives it room to expand and a fine view as well. Main-line railway traffic enters the city terminal through a subway. (This terminal, like some other buildings in the Cite Industrielle, is extraordinarily advanced for its date: the simple and functional exterior is genuinely revolutionary.) Garnier even includes an autodrome or speedway, as well as testing grounds for moteurs d’aviation.
