ABSTRACT
Until recently very litt~e could be said about the behavior of monkeys and apes in a natural habitat. Prior \:o 1958 there were only three long-term field studies of monkeys <tnd apes in the wild-studies by Carpenter on howling monkeys and gibbons, and by Itani on Japanese macaques. In the past four yea:--s, however, the naturalistic study of the nonhuman primates hai: been one of the most rapidly expanding fields in the behavioral sciences. At the present time more than fifty persons from eleven countries, including zoologists, psychologists, and anthropologists, are engaged in such studies.
