ABSTRACT
Stratification Systems Societies tha t re ly p r i m a r i l y o n h u m a n or an imal sources o f p roduc t ive p o w e r are usually regarded as 'p re-indus t r ia l ' . Th is label involves n o expectat ions about the i r fu ture . A l t h o u g h pre-industr ia l societies vary greatly i n the i r s t ructure and developmenta l level , at this stage we need o n l y dis t inguish t r a d i t i o n a l pre-indust r ia l societies f r o m the ' n a t i o n a l ' uni t s i n w h i c h they are c u r r e n t l y inco rpora t ed . Even w h e n b o t h these un i t s are equal ly pre-indust r ia l , t hey di f fer sharply i n s t ructure , boundaries and o r i e n t a t i o n . I ndus t r i a l i z a t i on appeals t o few t r a d i t i o n a l pre-indust r ia l societies as a desirable p rogramme. T o ' n a t i o n a l ' pre-indust r ia l societies, i t m a y be a s t ruc tura l necessity, and i n emergent nat ions , i ndus t r i a l i za t i on is always a na t iona l p rogramme, even where its i m p a c t o n loca l un i t s is greatest.
