ABSTRACT
The UN International Law of the Sea Agreement (UNCLOS) came into effect on November 16, 1994. This is the final outcome of a decade of ongoing negotiation and disputes, after more than 168 countries, including India, accepted it. The UNCLOS comes under the competence of the UN General Assembly. It gives 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to the nations. Within the Indian Ocean (Figure 12.1), one can see the change, and consequently responsibility of the states for a sustainable development goal (SDG) aim to future activity. They have the responsibility for the conservation, management, and use of a large sea area around the mainland and island territory.
