ABSTRACT
Environmental evangelism—the desire to spread European Union (EU) environmental norms abroad—is not an inconsequential facet of European external action, but rather appears as a significant feature of EU trade/environment policy. Moreover, rights and market rationalities coexist within contemporary "advanced liberal" EU governmentality. Rationalities of government are important because they delimit the perceived range of possibility of governmental action. The market and rights rationalities of government are associated with particular sets of technologies that make up the material side of governmental practice. Rights technologies include the "traditional" tools of government: law, policing, and bureaucracy. Market technologies are associated with the "modern" tools of governance: scientific expertise, benchmarking, incentives, and self-management. The EU's external trade/environment agenda generates not just "environmental protection" or "liberalized trade rules", but also the limits, rationalizations, means, and subjects of governmental activity. The complexity of advanced liberal governmentality also produces opportunities for resistance and contestation by those with whom the EU interacts.
