ABSTRACT
This chapter synthesizes Tariq Ramadan’s reform project, and his version of European Islam. The first section introduces his reading of the Islamic creed of Tawhid, the place of the Qur’an and the Sunna, the legal tradition, and his reading of some modern reformist projects, including his grandfather’s Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. His early critique of “Western modernity” and “godless modernity” is shed light on; this section refers to him as “early Ramadan,” and the next section, which introduces his “radical reform agenda,” refers to him as “late Ramadan,” i.e. the “reformist Ramadan.” This reform is synthesized in three major concepts: (1) shari‘a as the way, (2) Europe as the abode/space of testimony, and (3) ethics in the continuum, for pluralism, beyond legalism.
