ABSTRACT
The notion of transmission should be developed into an epistemological theory of testimony, and this chapter considers some of the various influential objections that have been made against transmission theories in the philosophical literature. Some purport to show that the notion of transmission is dispensable to the epistemology of testimony, others purport to show that thinking of the epistemology of testimony in terms of transmission is outright mistaken. Cases in which speakers who do not know what they say, but can nonetheless intuitively put listeners in a position to know the truth of what they say, are one of the most prominent objections to transmission approaches to testimony. The chapter proposes a theory that can account for cases in which there is a difference in terms of safety between a speaker's belief and the listener's corresponding belief.
