ABSTRACT
Antennas are a major component in communication systems. An antenna is used to efficiently radiate electromagnetic energy in desired directions. Antennas match radio frequency systems, sources of electromagnetic energy, to space. A radiation pattern is the antenna-radiated field as a function of the direction in space. It is a way of plotting the radiated power from an antenna. This power is measured at various angles at a constant distance from the antenna. An antenna can be made up of multiple radiators. Antenna range is the radial range from an antenna to an object in space. Antenna impedance is the ratio of the voltage at any given point along the antenna to the current at that point. It depends upon the height of the antenna above the ground and the influence of surrounding objects. A dipole antenna is a small wire antenna consisting of two straight conductors excited by a voltage fed via a transmission line.
