ABSTRACT
Reflector antennas, horn antennas, and antenna arrays are usually used as transmitting antennas in wireless communication base station systems. Reflector and horn antennas are defined as aperture antennas. The longest dimension of an aperture antenna is longer than several wavelengths. The parabolic reflector or dish antenna consists of a radiating element which can be either a simple dipole or a waveguide horn antenna. Horn antennas are used as a feed element for radio astronomy, satellite tracking, and communication reflector antennas, as phased array radiating elements, and in antenna calibration and measurements. An array of antenna elements is a set of antennas used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. The polar radiation pattern of a single element is called the element pattern (EP). Microstrip antenna arrays with integral feed networks can be broadly divided into arrays fed by parallel feeds and series-fed arrays.
