ABSTRACT
From the Greek en ‘within, in’, kephale ‘a head’ and artos ‘bread’, some parts of the top of the trunks of these plants are farinaceous and edible, the stems are a source of sago; see Johann Georg Christian Lehmann, (1792–1860), in Novarum et minus cognitarum stirpium pugillus etc. 6: 3, 14, t. 1. Hamburgi 1834, Prodr. Syst. Cycad.: 5. Jun 1861, Prodr. 16(2): 530. Jul (med.) 1868, Handbuch der Palaeontologie … Abtheilung Paleophytologie 2: 215. 1880 and Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 13: 79 1926, Das Pflanzenreich—Regni vegetabilis conspectus. Heft 99(IV.1): 64, 105–106. Leipzig, 12 Juli 1932 [Cycadaceae], Stevenson D.W. ‘Morphology and systematics of the Cycadales.’ Memoirs of the New York Botanical Gardens 57: 8–55. 1990, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 57: 200–206. 1990, Dennis Wm. Stevenson, ‘A formal classification of the extant cycads.’ Brittonia 44(2): 220–223. 19 June 1992, Govaerts, R. World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F. 2001, Analía E. Artabe et al., ‘Two New Petrified Cycad Stems, Brunoa gen. nov. and Worsdellia gen. nov., from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Bajo de Santa Rosa, Rio Negro Province), Argentina.’ The Botanical Review 70(2): 121–133. September 2004, Elke Dittmann and Claudia Wiegand, ‘Cyanobacterial toxins—occurrence, biosynthesis and impact on human affairs.’ Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 50(1): 7–17. January 2006, Mike Pole, ‘Conifer and cycad distribution in the Miocene of southern New Zealand.’ Australian Journal of Botany 55: 143–164. 2007, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119(3): 549–558. 2008, Maarten J.M. Christenhusz, ‘Index Pteridophytorum Guadalupensium or a revised checklist to the ferns and club mosses of Guadeloupe (French West Indies).’ Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 213–277. 2009, Maarten J.M. Christenhusz et al., ‘A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms.’ Phytotaxa 19: 55–70. 2011, Elke Dittmann, David P. Fewer and Brett A. Neilan, ‘Cyanobacterial toxins: biosynthetic routes and evolutionary roots.’ FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 37: 23–43. 2013, Carole Santi et al., ‘Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants.’ Annals of Botany 111: 743–767. 2013, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Samuel O. Bamigboye, Barnabas H. Daru and Michelle van der Bank, ‘Evidence of constant diversification punctuated by a mass extinction in the African cycads.’ Ecology and Evolution 4(1): 50–58. 2014.
