ABSTRACT
In recent decades, man-made sources of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have steadily increased due to electricity demand, domestic appliances, telecommunications, wireless technologies, broadcasting, various applications in industry and medical equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This leads to increased EMF exposure in our living and working environments, and the intensity varies substantially with the situation. Since humans in most cases do not perceive EMFs (except visible light and warmth due to high-level fields), the presence of EMFs must be measured by instruments or approximated by theoretical calculations. Measurements may provide the most realistic EMF exposure assessment. For example, measurements must frequently be made, even after computations have been performed, due to the uncertainties inherent in the particular exposure environment. In a multiple-source environment, or in the case of leakage sources (such as RF heat sealers, induction heaters and other unintentional radiators), the calculations may become so cumbersome that measurements may be the most expedient method for assessing exposure.
