ABSTRACT
A modern attempt to bridge the two pathways of structural transformation is the Arthur Lewis model of "economic development with unlimited supplies of labor." Industrialization, as the defining feature of structural transformation, brings changes in the type of goods produced, where they are produced, and where they are sold. Economic development is also a drawn-out and multifaceted process that couples the twin pillars of sustained economic growth and structural change. Economic growth is, therefore, full of surprises as leaders become followers and a handful of followers sprint to become leaders. The economic empowerment of ordinary citizens, often labeled the "middling class" or the "middle class," sustains an inclusionary social contract, fosters societal stability, and formalizes economic relations. Economic growth, driven by investment in factors of production or investment in new ideas, is too complex a process to be amenable to full capture by simple models. Economic growth is inherently unbalanced leading first to concentration and later to dispersion.
