ABSTRACT
Chapter 1 presents the main scientific theories connected with the environment and architecture in the second half of the twentieth century, the interdisciplinarity of science in architecture, and main research trends (philosophical reflection, design practice, and basic research). The following theories are described: environmental designing by J. Lang, structures of urban space by K. Lynch, the theory of the sign by R. Venturi, defensible space by O. Newman, pattern language by C. Alexander, phenomenological approach theory by C. Norberg-Schulz, and layered construction of architectural objects by S. Brand. Chapter 1 is concluded with tables presenting the important research trends in the second half of the twentieth century and a set of research methods, both basic and applied.
