ABSTRACT
European colonialism and its exploitation of Eastern societies has shaped a type of cultural resistance that highlights the importance of three different but related elements: unity, identity, and nationality. It is to be expected that many of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Muslim thinkers who lived during the colonisation and decolonisation period frequently referred to Europeans, their progress, and their systematic plundering of the East. Finding Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi's autobiography has proved difficult, but a reliable biographical source that is available is a short note in a section apparently dedicated to the memory of the deceased, presumably written by Rashid Rida, in al-Manar. According to Tantawi Jawhari, the universe is the clearest sign of the grace and favour of God to His creatures. Perceiving this divine mercy and favour is the initial step by which humans can attain the divine dignity they deserve.
