ABSTRACT
TUBE FEEDING Introduction In some cases a baby or child will be unable to take in adequate food and fluid to meet his nutritional requirements. He might aspirate and suffer from frequent chest infections. The child may show signs of distress at mealtimes such as crying and food refusal. He might experience pain, for example as a result of gastro-oesophageal reflux, oesophagitis or constipation. He might have cardiac problems and fatigue easily during feeds. The child may have an anatomical abnormality, such as oesophageal atresia, or he may have unusual nutrient requirements that preclude safe oral intake. Where a baby is premature his oral-motor skills may be immature and/or disorganised so that oral feeding is contraindicated. For some children mealtimes may be extremely time-consuming, messy and unpleasant. Caregivers may feel stressed and isolated, particularly if they have sole responsibility for their child’s nourishment. Other family members may feel resentful of the time spent with the child with special needs. The adolescent or young adult who was previously able to take in adequate food and drink may be unable to meet his requirements as growth spurts and energy demands increase. These factors, in particular those related to safety, nutrition and hydration may lead to tube feeding being considered.
