ABSTRACT
The number of instructions handed down to state production enterprises is still large, and still covers the main aspects of their work. The important organisational differences from the Soviet marketing environment are two: foreign trade reforms and domestic price reforms. In general, the Polish economy has been made more open to foreign trade, with the aim of gaining more from it via greater internal competition and competition of Polish products on world markets. The DDR (East Germany) has more developed and sophisticated marketing organisations than the other 'non-market' socialist countries, but in general the domestic marketing environment is perhaps not very different in any of these countries, allowing for differences in consumption levels, from the Soviet environment. In Bulgaria, Romania and the DDR there have been reforms, but they have generally been of the more limited Soviet kind, together with a development of industrial associations and some devolution of powers to them.
