ABSTRACT
Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in the developed world, with an age-adjusted incidence of 24.7 per 100,000 women. Histologically, endometrial cancer has been classified into two types according to clinicopathological and molecular features: type I and type II. Type I endometrial carcinomas include endometrioid carcinomas and associate genetic alterations in PTEN, KRAS, CTBNNB1, and PIK3CA genes. Type II endometrial cancers include clear cell papillary-serous and undifferentiated carcinomas, as well as carcinosarcoma or malignant mixed Müllerian tumor. The definitive diagnosis of endometrial cancer must be based on endometrial biopsy and histologic evaluation. The presence of intrauterine fluid may be a common finding in some cases of endometrial cancer. Several studies have assessed the role of endometrial volume as estimated by Three-dimensional ultrasound for diagnosing endometrial cancer. The main ultrasound feature associated with the presence of an endometrial cancer is a thickened endometrium in a postmenopausal woman who presents with uterine bleeding.
