ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the ultrasound features of Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). GTD comprises a group of disorders arising from uncontrolled growth of placental trophoblastic tissue, with a spectrum of placental lesions including premalignant hydatiform mole and malignant invasive hydatiform mole, placental site trophoblastic tumor, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, and choriocarcinoma. The diagnosis of GTD is mainly based on the human chorionic gonadotropin serum levels. Betel et al. reported that the sonographic features that predicted GTD were a myometrial epicenter, depth of myometrial invasion of more than one-third, placental venous lakes, maximum mass dimensions of more than 3.45 cm, and maximum endometrial thickness of less than 12 mm. The typical ultrasound appearance of a complete hydatiform mole is an enlarged uterus with the uterine cavity filled with multiple sonolucent areas of varying size and shape, the "snowstorm" appearance, without any embryonic or fetal structure.
